When building a house, one of the most critical work cycles is the installation of the roof. It is important to control the thermal insulation, waterproofing and reliable fastening of all structures. It is important to securely fix the Mauerlat beam, which can be attached to a brick wall in several ways.
Why do you need Mauerlat
As this element, a bar with a section of 100x100 or 150x150 mm is suitable. It is designed to perform the following functions:
- fixing rafter legs;
- ensuring the joint work of rafters;
- uniform distribution of load from individual elements to the wall.
A Mauerlat device can be avoided only if a support cushion is provided for each inclined slope beam, but such laying is too time-consuming.
Preparatory stage
Before you mount the Mauerlat to a brick wall, you need to prepare. The first stage of preparation is performed when laying walls. There are two options for completing masonry:
- The laying of the exterior walls of the house ends on the same level. It turns out a horizontal edge of the wall. Mauerlat is laid on the inside. After completion of work, the outer edge is poured with expanded clay concrete or insulated with heat-insulating material.
- The masonry of the outer walls ends with a ledge. The outer part is made higher than the inner. This creates additional resistance to the spread and provides thermal insulation of the structure. This option is preferable when building a private house.
After completion of the laying of the walls, it is necessary to provide a waterproofing layer between materials of different characteristics: brick and wood. For this, the beam is laid on a previously prepared waterproofing layer. You can use the following materials:
- only (outdated and ineffective, but cheap material, which is not currently used in mass construction);
- roofing material;
- hydroisol;
- linocrom.
The materials are a base impregnated with a bitumen composition.
Mounting Methods
The beam on the wall of the house can be fixed in different ways. It all depends on the load and the availability of tools and materials.
Brick walls have a sufficiently high strength and are able to withstand the load from the roof even without a monolithic belt device.
Installation can be carried out in the following ways:
- wire;
- using wooden corks;
- on construction studs;
- on the anchor.
Wire fastening
In this case, the beam to the wall of the house is simple to attach. The option is suitable for small buildings. Before starting work, prepare a wire with a diameter of 5-6 mm ("wire rod"). It is laid in brickwork at a distance of 3-5 rows to the edge. The length is selected so that it is enough to release from the wall and thread through the Mauerlat.
Next, wait time for the hardening of the cement-sand mortar and begin to fix the Mauerlat. The wire is twisted with a crowbar. Holes are drilled in the beam through which a wire rod is threaded. Then tighten the mount until the beam is securely attached to the wall of the house. For reliability, the pitch of the wire fasteners is taken equal to the pitch of the rafter legs.
Wood cork mount
For work, it is necessary to prepare wooden blocks of equal size to brick. The material is treated with antiseptic compounds that prevent rot and mold. The work is performed in the following sequence:
- When laying walls, instead of some bricks, corks are laid. It is important to remember that they, like Mauerlat, require waterproofing. In places of contact with the brick, they are coated with bitumen or laying rolled materials. The pitch of the arrangement is taken equal to the pitch of the rafters.
- Mauerlat is fixed to corks on metal staples.
There are three options for the location of wooden corks:
- 1 row before the cutoff closer to the inner edge of the wall;
- directly beneath the Mauerlat (larger plugs are required);
- behind the Mauerlat, closer to the outer edge of the wall.
The last option for fastening the beam is suitable if the method of fixing was determined after the completion of the laying of the walls of the house.
Hairpin mount
The option is suitable if you want to fix the beam with sufficiently large loads. There are two options for attaching studs to the wall:
- directly to the masonry;
- in a monolithic reinforced concrete belt.
The second option is more time-consuming, but it allows you to further strengthen and tie brick walls into a single whole. Suitable if the load from the rafter system is very high. In most cases, the first method is enough. The work is performed in the following order:
- L-shaped studs are prepared. The diameter is taken depending on the load. The most common section for erecting a roof is 10-14 mm.
- Fasteners are laid in the masonry. The depth of the hole is approximately 450 mm, the bent end faces down and hooks onto the brick row.
- Lay waterproofing. To do this, they pierce it and put on hairpins.
- Mark out holes for timber. Mauerlat is laid on hairpins and tapped with a hammer at their locations. According to the resulting marks, holes are drilled for the studs.
- Mount the beam. Screw the nuts onto the studs.
The arrangement of the studs in the concrete belt is similar to mounting on anchor bolts, therefore, it is not considered separately.
Anchor mount
Suitable for knowledge with a heavy load. The presence of a concrete belt increases the complexity and cost of work. Work is performed in the following order:
- installation of formwork under the belt;
- reinforcement cage tab;
- installation of anchor bolts (section 10-14 mm);
- belt filling at a time;
- waiting time for concrete to set strength (depends on temperature conditions and the binder on which concrete is made, but on average is 28 days);
- formwork removal (if necessary);
- laying of a waterproofing layer;
- marking holes on the beam and drilling them;
- fixing Mauerlat, turning the washers.
It is important to note that, according to regulatory documents, it is allowed to start stripping works when concrete reaches 70% of brand strength (50% under special conditions).
The disadvantages of the method include:
- high labor input;
- increased cost;
- increase in construction time due to hardening of concrete.
Mauerlat splicing in length
Most often, wooden beams have a length of 6 m. If the walls of the house are longer, then you will need to increase the length of the Mauerlat. There are several connection options:
- ends fixed to metal plates (unreliable);
- “In the tooth” (the beams are cut halfway in height, connected with an overlap and fixed with bolts or studs).
The second option is more reliable and desirable.
Proper fastening of the Mauerlat will ensure high reliability of the design. If mistakes are made, and there are hurricane winds in the construction area, the roof can simply be torn off the wall, therefore, this stage of work must be taken seriously.