Kruglopalochny machine - this is the equipment for the production of long wooden products with a round profile.
Such products are necessary for equipping hand tools with cuttings and handles.
In the furniture industry, such small-diameter parts are also used. The principle of operation of the machine can be compared with the action of an ordinary pencil sharpener.
The device equipment
Today, there are round-beam machines of different models, of various production capacities and dimensions. The main unit of the machine for the manufacture of cuttings is a special nozzle - a vortex head, which is a block with a through hole. Knives are installed inside the head opening. The knife passage is adjusted so that the wooden billet at the exit turns into a circular stick with the desired diameter.
Large stationary circular beam machines: KPA 20 50, KP 61, KP 62 and KPA 50, are equipped with a rotating swirl head into which the sticks are fed.
The scheme of operation of small-sized devices is based on the fact that the rotating workpiece is pulled through mounted knives in a stationary unit.
The most important parts of the machine are milling cutters (knives for wood). Knives are made of steel grade P6M5.
A 12 mm thick cutter is capable of sharpening a cylindrical wooden rod with a diameter of up to 40 mm inclusive. A knife 14 mm thick can cut wood with a diameter of up to 50 mm. A 16 mm thick cutter is used to sharpen round cuttings, the cross section of which is 60 mm or more.
The abbreviation in the marking of equipment models means the following: KPA - a round-beam machine with automatic feeding of billets, number - diameter of the output.
Popular models
Consider the technical characteristics of popular brands of machines:
KP 20-50
The machine is designed for the manufacture of cuttings and similar products of circular cross section from different species of wood. The installed three knife vortex head in a cast-iron cast housing gives output diameters from 20 mm to 50 mm.
KP-61
The KP-61 model makes round wooden products for household tools, sports equipment, furniture and other purposes. Adjusting the cutters allows you to get products with a diameter of 10 mm to 50 mm.
KP-62
Unlike the previous model, KP-62 is equipped with two rows of lingering rollers. The rollers provide increased axial accuracy of entry into the cutting unit. A square profile can be fed at a speed of up to 12 m / min. The cross section of the products obtained ranges from 10 mm to 60 mm.
KPA-50
The KP-50 machine is equipped with two electric motors, thanks to which it is possible to set an increased material processing speed of 18 m / min. Product diameters range from 20 mm to 50 mm.
KP-FS
The fs round-frame machine is equipped with a powerful swirl head capable of turning wood beams with diameters from 18 mm to 160 mm. Multidisciplinary equipment is beneficial to operate in the factory with large volumes of production of wooden products.
To compare the main technical characteristics and cost of the above machines, we bring their indicators into a common table:
Characteristic | KP 20-50 | KP-61 | KP-62 | KPA-50 | KP-FS |
Diameter of products, mm | 20-50 | 10-60 | 10-60 | 20-50 | 10-60 |
Feed speed m / min | 6; 8; 12 | 6; 9; 12 | 6; 9; 12 | 4; 7; 18 | 6; 9; 13; 16 |
Number of knives in the head, pcs | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Head rotation speed, rpm | 3 500 | 4 000 | 4 000 | 4 500 | 3 400 |
Dimensions, m | 0.90 x 0.86 x 1 | 0.85 x 500 x 1 | 1.27 x 0.5 x 1 | 1 x 0.7 x 1.15 | 0.92 x 0.76 x 1 |
Weight kg | 300 | 290 | 390 | 410 | 300 |
Estimated price, rub | 125 000 | 130 000 | 160 000 | 130 000 | 134 000 |
Self-made machine
On his own compound, the owner of the house may well make a woodworking round-frame machine. The drawing diagram of the machine, the design of which is quite simple, is presented below. To place equipment, it is necessary to create certain conditions:
- The machine for cuttings should be placed in a warm, dry utility room electrified (shed). As a power plant you need to purchase a three-phase electric motor with a power of at least 0.5 kW.
- A three-phase motor must be connected by an electrician. Be sure to carry out the grounding of power equipment.
- The engine is connected to the network through the shaft speed controller.
- A workbench is best made of metal with a length of at least 2 meters. The table must be grounded.
- I install a special nozzle on the motor shaft. The nozzle is fixed to the shaft with three bolts. From the outside, the part has a hole for attaching wooden blanks. The wooden profile is clamped in the nozzle with bolts on four sides.
- On the workbench, two guides of a metal profile are installed.
- The head with cutting elements is equipped with support elements that allow the block to move along the guide rails. In this case, the supports should not allow the head to move in the transverse direction.
- Guide strips are coated with grease. Two horizontal transverse handles are inserted into the cutting unit, convenient for grasping with palms.
Homemade equipment work
The manufacture of cuttings begins with the fact that the wooden beam is rigidly fixed in the nozzle. The cutting unit is mounted on the guide rails. The engine is turned on at reduced speeds. The free end of the beam is inserted into the head.
The worker, holding the handles of the cutting unit, slowly pushes it onto a rotating beam. To get a high-quality surface of the handle, adjust the frequency of rotation of the nozzle and the force of pressure on the head.
Home-made equipment is best designed for processing workpieces made of coniferous wood.
Since the wood processing process is rather dusty, you need to use personal protective equipment for respiratory and visual organs (gauze bandage, respirator, safety glasses).
Some "experts" advise doing without a workbench. The block is held in weight. This method is far from safe. The slightest longitudinal curvature of the workpiece can cause the beating of the beam. The workpiece may break out of the unit and cause injury to the worker.
Grinding block manufacturing
The cutting unit can be made by yourself. It is necessary to undertake such work to a person who has sufficient experience in handling carpentry and locksmith tools.
A homemade head is assembled from oak boards in the shape of a cube. Inside the opening, two knives are placed. Cutters are fixed with screws. The holes in the knives are oval. This allows you to set the grinding gap of the desired diameter.
For reliable fixation of knives under the caps of self-tapping screws, roving washers are placed. Due to its wavy surface, the washers do not allow the cutters to move arbitrarily.
Final processing of cuttings
The resulting stalk is not removed from the nozzle. A block with a fixed emery paper is pressed against a rotating handle. Moving the abrasive along the stick, you get a smooth surface of the tree.
The round rod is covered with furniture varnish. The varnish provides reliable protection against moisture and prevents the material from peeling off in the form of sharp splinters. The resulting cuttings are cut to the desired length. For shovels and rakes, the lower end of the handle is cut at an angle of 45about.